基于WRF-Fitch模型的山东半岛南部海上风电场群尾流效应研究

作者：艾青1, 项建强1, 肖晶晶2, 杨施敏2, 战炳彤1, 庄子瑜1, 王彬3,4

单位：1. 三峡新能源(烟台牟平区)有限公司, 山东 烟台 264100; 2. 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司, 上海 200335; 3. 自然资源部北海预报减灾中心, 山东 青岛 266100; 4. 山东省海洋生态环境与防灾减灾重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266100

关键词：海上风电场群;尾流效应;WRF-Fitch模型;大气稳定度;风机容量;布局优化

分类号：TK81

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2026·43·第4期(127-135)

摘要：

研究基于经激光雷达验证的WRF-Fitch模型，对山东半岛南部海域的海上风电场群开展高分辨率数值模拟，系统评估其尾流特征及关键影响因素。结果表明：模型在该海域具备可靠的模拟能力，风速模拟与观测相关系数达0.8以上，均方根误差低于1.85 m/s；大气稳定度显著影响尾流时空分布，稳定层结下尾流长度（56 km）大于不稳定层结（53 km），且风速亏损衰减更慢；风机单机容量从2 MW增至18 MW，尾流长度由35 km增至60 km，风速损失比由-0.02变为-0.12，呈现非线性增强特征；风机布局优化可有效缓解尾流影响，相较于不规则多边形，正方形与圆形布局能将尾流长度从56 km缩减至52 km。

This study employs a WRF-Fitch model to conduct high-resolution numerical simulations of offshore wind farm clusters in the southern ocean area of Shandong Peninsula, and systematically evaluates the wake characteristics and key influencing factors. The results show that: The model demonstrates reliable simulation capability in this region, with a correlation coefficient above 0.8 and a root mean square error below 1.85 m/s between the simulated and observed wind speeds; Atmospheric stability significantly affects the spatiotemporal distribution of the wakes. The wake length(56 km) under stable stratification is larger than that under unstable conditions(53 km), and the wind speed deficit decays more slowly; When the single wind turbine capacity increases from 2 MW to 18 MW, the wake length extends from 35 km to 60 km, and the wind speed deficit ratio changes from-0.02 to-0.12, showing a non-linear enhancement; Layout optimization can effectively mitigate wake effects. Compared to an irregular polygonal layout, square and circular layouts reduce the wake length from 56 km to 52 km.

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